Because of this, when hydrogen fluoride is dissolved in water, water molecules orient themselves around HF so that the water dipoles interact with, and stabilize, the highly polarized H—F bond. Important to this stabilization is the hydrogen bond that is formed between the hydrogen of HF and the oxygen of an adjacent water.
This hydrogen bond not only stabilizes the HF molecular dipole, but it also weakens the H—F covalent bond. As a result of this weakening, the H—F bond stretches the bond length increases and then fully breaks. This is known as the process of acid dissociation. The chemical equation describing the acid dissociation reaction of HF is given in Equation 8. The products of the reaction, fluoride anion and the hydronium ion, are oppositely charged ions, and it is reasonable to assume that they will be attracted to each other.
If they do come in contact, it is also reasonable to suggest that the process of hydrogen transfer that we described above can also happen in reverse. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. Share Flipboard Email. Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph. Chemistry Expert.
Helmenstine holds a Ph. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels. Facebook Facebook Twitter Twitter. Updated December 02, Skin contact with hydrogen fluoride may cause severe burns that develop after several hours and form skin ulcers. Immediate signs and symptoms of exposure to hydrogen fluoride Swallowing only a small amount of highly concentrated hydrogen fluoride will affect major internal organs and may be fatal.
Hydrogen fluoride gas, even at low levels, can irritate the eyes, nose, and respiratory tract. Breathing in hydrogen fluoride at high levels or in combination with skin contact can cause death from an irregular heartbeat or from fluid buildup in the lungs. Even small splashes of high-concentration hydrogen fluoride products on the skin can be fatal.
Skin contact with hydrogen fluoride may not cause immediate pain or visible skin damage signs of exposure. Often, patients exposed to low concentrations of hydrogen fluoride on the skin do not show effects or experience pain immediately.
And, severe pain at the exposure site may be the only symptom for several hours. Visible damage may not appear until 12 to 24 hours after the exposure. Depending on the concentration of the chemical and the length of time of exposure, skin contact with hydrogen fluoride may cause severe pain at the point of contact; a rash; and deep, slow-healing burns.
Severe pain can occur even if no burns can be seen. Showing these signs and symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to hydrogen fluoride. Other chemicals also can cause these effects. Exposure to hydrogen fluoride can result in severe electrolyte problems. Long-term health effects of acute exposure to hydrogen fluoride People who survive after being severely injured by breathing in hydrogen fluoride may suffer lingering chronic lung disease.
Skin damage caused by concentrated hydrogen fluoride may take a long time to heal and may result in severe scarring. Fingertip injuries from hydrogen fluoride may result in persistent pain, bone loss, and injury to the nail bed. Eye exposure to hydrogen fluoride may cause prolonged or permanent visual defects, blindness, or total destruction of the eye. Swallowing hydrogen fluoride can damage the esophagus and stomach. The damage may progress for several weeks, resulting in gradual and lingering narrowing of the esophagus.
How you can protect yourself, and what to do if you are exposed to hydrogen fluoride First, if the hydrogen fluoride was released into the air, get fresh air by leaving the area where the chemical was released. If the hydrogen fluoride release was outside, move away from the area where the chemical was released.
If the hydrogen fluoride release occurred indoors, get out of the building. Removing your clothing Quickly take off clothing that may have hydrogen fluoride on it.
Any clothing that has to be pulled over the head should be cut off the body.
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